Good day!
Undoubtedly, many of us have thought more than once or twice: "where to invest relatively small free funds to earn extra money?"
To buy an apartment or open a business - you need significant amounts, open a bank deposit - the interest has now become very low. Keeping "under the pillow" is also not an option, inflation will eat them ...
but, The world does not stand still!
Thanks to the development of computer technology, today, from any average smartphone, the purchase of securities: stocks and bonds has become available (I will warn you in advance: now it is extremely simple! See the note to the end, and you will be convinced of this).
And if you also look at the historical growth chart of these securities (see below), then, willy-nilly, certain thoughts appear ... (about a comfortable pension in the future))
Important: I am not a professional financial consultant, and everything that is written below is not a call to action, just my opinion on this topic ...
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Buying stocks, bonds: step by step
STEP 1: a few words about the "main" (basics)
Why all this preface above, why should an ordinary person even think about any securities?
Take a look at the chart below: this index (IMOEX) reflects the value of our largest companies over a span of 20 years. In 1999, it was 50 points - now about 3000! Those. the difference is 60 times!
The graph of changes in the value of our largest companies (shares on the Moscow Exchange) / IMOEX chart
Those. hypothetically, if someone invested in 99 100,000 rubles (about $ 4000 at that time) to our largest companies (i.e. bought their shares) - then today this amount would be approximately 6 million rubles (and this is without taking into account the dividends paid by many companies (and if with them, then the amount will grow significantly due to compound interest)).
Agree, it looks very, very interesting and tempting. In addition, you can start investing (investing) funds in stocks with minimal amounts (which makes this method available to anyone!).
As a reference:
- stock - when buying this security, you become the owner of a small part of the company, and have the right to count on dividends (if they will be paid to shareholders);
- bond - This is a debt security: that is, buying a bond of "Sberbank" (for example) - you lend to this organization at a certain percentage;
- these securities are bought and sold on the stock exchange. To access these trades, you need to open an account with one of the brokers (more on this below).
-> Thoughts
It is worth notingthat investing in these securities involves with risks (no one guarantees that companies will not go broke ...). In addition, the value of securities can seriously change (crises, recessions, etc.), especially for short periods of time (i.e., these investments are reasonable with an investment period of 5 years or more (in my opinion ...)).
On the other hand, if you think logically: all companies around us cannot go broke. Who, then, will supply us with food, manage finances, provide communications, electricity, etc.? Moreover, over time, albeit slowly, but the standard of living is growing (compare at least with the 90s), which means the cost of companies too ...
Nevertheless, if we hypothetically imagine that an apocalypse will occur and the entire market in the World will collapse. I am afraid that then any deposits will be lost, and cash, and even gold may begin to be exchanged for bread ...
Those. thanks to such reasoning, it turns out that nothing is reliable at all?
In any case, instead of one wall-to-wall TV or an iPhone (which many spend money on without hesitation), why not save a small amount for the future.The invested funds, taking into account the compound interest, in 20-30 years can turn into the cost of several apartments (can it be a good pension ?!).
STEP 2: choosing a broker (why you should choose Sberbank)
To trade on the exchange, you need to open an account with one of the brokers (now there are a lot of them - see the Moscow Exchange website).
In general, everyone has their own conditions, commissions, etc. For a beginner, I still think it's better to stay at Sberbank ... 👇
Why such a choice:
- firstly, they have an extremely simple application "Investor" for a phone without unnecessary "bells and whistles" (literally 3-4 tabs and 2 buttons: "Buy" and "Sell", see examples below);
- secondly, in the account settings (during registration) you can ban using borrowed funds (that is, you will only buy for "your" hard-earned 👌);
- thirdly, for sure many already have a card of this bank, which means that you don't have to go anywhere to open a brokerage account (everything is done in Sberbank online);
- fourthly, this bank is one of the most reliable in our country (no comments here 👀).
Screenshots from the Sberbank-Investor application
STEP 3: registration and establishment of a brokerage account (without going to the bank)
If you already have a card and a Sberbank-online personal account, then you will need 5 minutes to apply for opening a brokerage account. free time!
How it's done:
1) First you need to log in and log in to the Sberbank-online service (here, in general, everything is standard). I will notethat it is better to do this operation not through a mobile application, but in a browser from a PC / laptop (it's easier to fill out a questionnaire this way ...).
Login to your personal account Sberbank-online
2) After, you need to go to the section "Other" and open the tab "Brokerage service" ... See screenshot below. 👇
Others - brokerage services
3) Next in the tab "Account Management" will remain to click on the link "Open an account" .
Open an account
4) Finishing touch - fill out a questionnaire. Several important points (in my opinion):
- markets: for the first acquaintance, I would advise you to choose only the stock market (here you can buy stocks / bonds) and currency (to buy dollars / euros);
- tariff plan: there are only two tariffs here "Investment" and "Independent" (the first has a higher commission, but has investment ideas from Sberbank, the second has a lower commission, but there are no tips either). To begin with, there is no fundamental difference - however, here is the page with tariffs;
- add. income: as I understand it, if you agree with this, your securities can be lent to someone (and you get a small percentage from this). There are, however, risks ... In general, this topic is extensive, so for beginners I think it's better to choose "Do not use" ;
- Borrowed funds: of course, "No!" (👌).
Trade setup (filling out a questionnaire upon registration)
The rest of the columns in the questionnaire are quite standard: mail, phone, etc. I think every user can easily fill them in ...
Important!
After filling out and sending the questionnaire, you will need to wait within 2 working days.
During this time, an account will be opened for you, a document on opening (with a seal and signature) will be sent to your e-mail, a password and login for entering the Sberbank-Investor application will be sent via SMS (it can be set in advance).
STEP 4: top up your account (how best and faster)
I tried to replenish my account in different ways, and came to the conclusion (in practice) that the fastest is through the Sberbank-online personal account.
This is done quite simply: in the section "Other" need to open a tab "Brokerage service" .
Others - brokerage services
Right click on the button "Top up" (note: it appears immediately after opening a brokerage account).
Top up account
It remains only to indicate the amount of the replenishment and the account from which the funds will be debited. By the way, if you are replenishing for the first time, I would advise you to use a small amount (to firstly make sure that everything works as expected 👌).
Replenishment
As a rule, in a few minutes you will receive a notification on the transfer of funds on your phone.Now you can proceed to buying shares ...
Receipt of funds to the account
Important!
In order for the funds to arrive as quickly as possible, it is better to replenish your brokerage account through your Sberbank-online personal account (and on a working day!). In this case, everything-about-everything takes 2-3 minutes!
STEP 5: Buying Stocks, Bonds and Currencies
And so, first you need to enter the Sberbank-Investor applications (link to the Play Market).
Login and password for access must come to you via SMS from Sberbank (within 2 working days after opening a brokerage account).
Login to Sberbank-Investor
After entering the application, pay attention to the lower part of the window: in the market tab, you can buy and sell stocks, currencies, bonds, funds, etc.
The purchase itself happens very simply: for example, to buy a stock Gazprom - it is enough to open this company from the list (see the price and schedule, if necessary), then press the button "Buy" , enter the number of shares (which you need) and confirm the purchase (via SMS). See screenshot below. 👇
Market - buy a share
Important!
It is possible to buy and sell shares only during Moscow working hours. exchanges (the rest of the time you can open the Sberbank-Investor application, but you can no longer make transactions).
Purchase history can be viewed in the section "Applications" : here are the dates of transactions, amounts, number of lots, etc.
Executed applications
Buying bonds is similar: just instead of a tab "Market / Stocks" opens "Market / Bonds" (see example below 👇). Next to each bond is the maturity date (when you will be paid its par value, usually 1000 rubles) and the annual yield (6%, for example).
Market - bonds
As for the currency: there is one caveat - it is bought / sold in lots, and one lot is 1000 USD. Those. you can buy an amount in multiples of 1000 dollars (but, for example, you cannot buy an amount of 120 USD).
Market - currency
When all purchases are made - in the tab "My accounts" you can see the entire composition of the portfolio, what was bought and at what prices, what increased and how much. It is also convenient that Sberbank shows the total amount and its change as a percentage ... 👇
My accounts are stocks, funds
Stock Tab Expanded - Purchase Price, Current Price
STEP 6: what's next
Wait 20 years? .. 😊
Ideally, of course, it is better not to invest all funds at once in securities, but to collect them a little, for a small amount for yourself, every month (this looks more prudent, and there will be fewer risks. no experience ...).
And, about once a year or two, review and shake up the portfolio. For example, if one of the shares grows strongly and begins to borrow almost half of the funds on the account, it is quite reasonable to partially sell it, and transfer the proceeds to other securities (👀).
Thanks to this approach, even if one of the 25 companies that you bought (for example) goes bankrupt during the crisis, you will lose only a few percent of the account (which should be compensated for by the growth of other stocks and dividends (it looks quite logical, although I am not a financier, and I can be wrong ... But charts cannot lie - if they always grow over a long period of time, then most of the companies are still growing in price!?.)).
A meme from the vastness of the network ...
However, the question is very controversial. And everyone should decide it on their own ... (meanwhile, I "try" or "not try" - I decided to choose the first one, but the charts don't lie to a friend and will really go there ☝ ...).
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Additions on the topic are welcome!
That's it for now, good luck!
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